Present simple: to be

Uso:

• Qué es?. – How is it?. – It’s a pen.
• Quién es?. –  Who is he?. – He is my brother.
• De dónde es?. – Where are you form?. – I’m form Spain.
• En qué trabajas?. – What do you do?. – I´m work in a private company.
• Cuantos años tiene?. – How old are you?. – I’m 33 years old.
• Dónde está algo?. – Where is the pen?. – It’s on the table.
• Cuanto cuesta?. – How mush is it?.- It´s 30€

I
I am worker / I`m worker.
I´m not student.
Am I married?.

He/She/It
He is 33 years old.
He isn´t angry.
Is it ok?.
How much is it?.
Where is this?

You/We/They
You are intelligent
You aren´t crazy
Where do you live?
Are you tourists?

Present simple

Uso:

• Verdades absolutas. – The sky is blue.
• Hábitos o constumbres. – I usually go to work at 9 o’clock.
• Con condicionales simples. – If you talk a lot, you´’ll improve your English.

Indicadores: always, every…, never, usually, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, …

I/You/We/They
You love film.
You don´t paint well.
Do you like tennis? – Yes, I do.
Do you drink coffee? – No, I don´t.

He/She/It
He comes for Japan. [terminaciones normales añadir -s]
He watches TV. [-ch -sh -s -x añadir -es]
He flies to the USA. [-y cambiar por -ies]
He has lunch. [have por has]
He does everything. [do por does]
He doesn´t come for Tokio.
Does he come from Italy?.

Present simple: to have / to have got

Uso:

• Familia que tengo. – I haven’t any brothers and sisters
• Tomar cosas (expresiones hechas). – I have a beer

I/You/We/They
You have three sister.
You have got a smartwatch.
Do you have an grandfather?. – Yes, I have
Have you got a pencil?. – No, I haven´t

He/She/It
He have three brother.
He have got a phone.
Does he have an aunt?. – Yes, I has
Has he got an apple?. – No, I hasn´t

Nota: have y have got (Britanico) tienen el mismo significado, pero las interrogativas y negativas se conjugan diferente:
Do you have a car? – No, I don’t have a car.
have you got a car? – No, I haven’t got a car.

Present continuous

Uso:

• Esta ocurriendo en el momento.- I’m working now.

Indicadores: at the moment, just now, listen, look!, now, right now

I
I`m waiting for a train. [caso general se añade -ing]
I´m not running at the moment.[doblar consonante cuando sea c-v-c]
Am I leaving? [-e cambiar por -ing]

He/She/It
He´s working now.
He isn´t doing anything.
Is he working?.

You/We/They
You’re watching a new film.
You aren´t doing anything.
Are you working?.

Present perfect

Uso: Acciones en el pasado que tienen importancia en el presente.

• Se enfatiza el resultado
• Acción que se prolonga hasta el momento presente
• Acción que acaba de tener lugar
• Acción ya sucedida con repercusiones en el presente
• Acción que nunca/una sola vez/más de una vez ha tenido lugar hasta el momento del discurso

Indicadores: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

I/You/We/They
I´ve worked in different countries [Yo he trabajado en diferentes paises]
I haven´t studied lot of languages
Have you worked in USA?
He/She/It
He´s worked in different countries
He hasn´t studied lot of languages
Has he worked in USA?

Present perfect continuous

Uso: Acciones en el pasado que tienen importancia en el presente.

• Se enfatiza la acción (y no el resultado). – He has been living in London since 1999.
• Acción que ha durado hasta el momento presente. – She has been dancing all night.
• Acción ya realizada pero con repercusiones en el presente. – Have you been drinking?

Indicadores: all day, for 3 years, since 1999, how long?, the whole week

I/You/We/They
I have been working in different countries [Yo he estado trabajado en diferentes paises]
I haven´t been studding a lot.
Have you been working in USA?
He/She/It
He´s been working in different countries
He hasn´t been studding a lot.
Has he been working in USA?